Tag: Carbon

Sustainability-In-Tech : IT Channel Increasingly Shifting to Carbon Reduction

Posted on by Paul Stradling

New research indicates that sustainability is now a defining issue in the IT channel, with businesses increasingly focusing on reducing carbon emissions rather than relying on offsetting.

Sustainability Rises Back Up the Agenda

The new research from Agilitas IT Solutions, conducted in partnership with Censuswide, highlights a renewed commitment to sustainability, as companies seek to align environmental responsibility with operational efficiency and cost savings. The “Channel Trends: Sustainability: An Urgent Imperative” 2025 report appears to show the growing prioritisation of sustainability among UK-based channel businesses with annual revenues exceeding £5 million. The study highlighted in the report, which surveyed 250 key industry figures, found that three-quarters of respondents rated sustainability at least 7 out of 10 in importance. Notably, 39 per cent of businesses saw sustainability as a key focus area, scoring 9 or 10 out of a maximum 10.

Rebound But Disparity

While this remains below the peak score of 7.8 recorded in 2021, it seems to represent a welcome rebound from the decline seen in 2022 and 2023. Despite this, the survey also exposed a striking disparity in sustainability engagement across different levels of seniority. For example, just 8 per cent of junior managers consider it a top priority, in contrast to more than half of CEOs and business owners. Among senior managers, 34 per cent expressed confidence in their organisation’s sustainable practices, while 37 per cent of CEOs said they were optimistic about their company’s sustainability efforts.

Sara Wilkes, CEO of Agilitas, points to the need for better alignment within organisations, saying: “While business leaders are focused on sustainability goals, there is a notable disconnect across organisations which needs to be addressed in order to create a culture of collaboration and innovation.”

Moving from Offsetting to Carbon Reduction

One of the most notable shifts in the IT channel’s approach to sustainability, highlighted by the research, is the move away from carbon offsetting towards reduction strategies. For example, in 2022, a third of surveyed businesses were investing in offsetting schemes, but today, less than a quarter are following that route. Instead, firms are prioritising direct reductions in emissions and operational efficiencies that not only help the planet but also cut costs.

Among those already taking action, 36 per cent have implemented reduction-based initiatives, focusing on:

– Improving energy efficiency

– Streamlining business processes

– Adopting remote and hybrid working models

– Partnering with environmentally responsible suppliers

Also, a further 37 per cent of businesses say they plan to roll out reduction strategies over the next year, although more than a quarter admit they have no immediate plans to prioritise carbon reduction.

Commenting on the study’s findings, Deborah Johnson, Head of ESG at Agilitas, has reinforced the importance of carbon reduction over offsetting, stating: “Carbon offsetting, whilst useful in balancing emissions, does not address the underlying issue. Whilst investing in projects that absorb or remove carbon are still good things to do, it’s great to see the switch to carbon reduction strategies that focus on directly reducing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere from a business’ own operations.”

Challenges in Sustainability Reporting and Transparency

One of the biggest barriers to sustainability progress in the IT channel is the complexity of tracking and reporting emissions, particularly Scope 3 emissions, which encompass the entire supply chain. Businesses are under increasing pressure to collect accurate data and report their progress transparently, not only to comply with regulations but also to meet customers’ growing sustainability expectations.

According to the report, 21 per cent of respondents calculated their carbon footprint across Scope 1 and 2, while only 19 per cent accounted for all three scopes, suggesting that 60 per cent of the channel is not aligning sustainability reporting with the GHG Protocol.

Agilitas CEO Wilkes has highlighted the importance of high-quality data collection, saying: “Ensuring data is accurate, well-logged and reviewed regularly is just the first step. Our Channel Trends report aims to help businesses integrate sustainability into their long-term strategies, both now and in the future.”

The Role of Partnerships in Sustainability

Collaboration appears to be a key driver of sustainability progress in the IT channel. By sharing resources, knowledge, and solutions, companies can work together to reduce supply chain emissions, improve energy efficiency, and embed circular economy principles into their operations.

As highlighted by Lee Ellams, Head of Marketing at a UK-based IT services and solutions provider Tieva: “Partnerships are key to sustainability in the IT Channel, enabling companies to share resources, knowledge, and solutions. Together, they can tackle supply chain emissions, boost energy efficiency, and promote circular economy practices.”

This sentiment has also been echoed by Agilitas IT Solutions, saying: “By working together, channel partners can share best practices, leverage cutting-edge technology, and create truly sustainable supply chains that benefit both the industry and the environment.”

Balancing Sustainability with Business Growth

While sustainability is increasingly recognised as a key business priority, many companies still face the challenge of balancing environmental goals with commercial pressures. With economic uncertainty and rising costs impacting decision-making, some organisations are hesitant to invest in sustainability measures that do not deliver immediate financial returns.

However, many industry experts argue that sustainability and profitability are not mutually exclusive. A well-executed sustainability strategy can help businesses reduce operational costs, enhance brand reputation, and attract environmentally conscious customers. For example, as Sara Wilkes says: “Sustainability isn’t just about compliance or reputation; it’s about resilience. Companies that embrace sustainability will be better positioned for long-term growth and success.”

Consensus?

Other recent industry reports appear to align with Agilitas’s findings, emphasising a growing commitment to sustainability within the IT sector. For example, Deloitte’s 2024 Sustainability Action Report highlights that both public and private US companies are increasingly integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) measures into their operations, viewing them as beneficial for long-term success.

Similarly, Capgemini’s 2024 sustainability trends report highlights the importance of climate technologies, such as low-carbon hydrogen and industrial carbon capture, in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The report notes that two-thirds of executives believe data and digital technologies accelerate the adoption of these climate solutions, despite challenges like high costs and regulatory uncertainties.

A recent analysis by global sustainability consultancy ERM identifies decarbonisation as a critical focus, with stakeholders pushing for more aggressive emission reduction strategies. The report also highlights the need for streamlined sustainability disclosures and the development of sustainable, transparent supply chains.

It seems, therefore, that there is a kind of consensus within the industry on the importance of moving beyond carbon offsetting to implement tangible carbon reduction strategies, aligning with Agilitas’s findings.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation?

The research from Agilitas IT Solutions does appear to highlight a crucial shift in the IT channel’s approach to sustainability, i.e. one that moves beyond carbon offsetting towards genuine reduction strategies. While offsetting has long been seen as a convenient means of mitigating environmental impact, the industry is increasingly recognising that it does little to address the root causes of emissions. Instead, businesses are turning to proactive measures such as improving energy efficiency, refining supply chains, and adopting new operational models that directly lower their carbon footprint.

However, despite this positive momentum, the findings also highlight a disparity in engagement across different levels of seniority, with business leaders more invested in sustainability than junior managers. This disconnect suggests that while sustainability is now firmly embedded in strategic discussions, translating that commitment into organisation-wide cultural change remains a challenge. Without clear alignment across all levels of an organisation, sustainability efforts risk becoming fragmented or failing to deliver their full potential.

Another critical barrier to progress is the complexity of emissions tracking and reporting, particularly when it comes to Scope 3 emissions i.e., emissions from a company’s value chain, including suppliers, product usage, and transportation. The research indicates that a significant portion of the IT channel is still struggling to meet reporting standards such as the GHG Protocol. Without accurate data and transparent disclosure, businesses may find it difficult to demonstrate real progress or build trust with stakeholders. However, the increasing emphasis on collaboration through partnerships, shared best practices, and collective industry efforts suggests that companies are recognising the need to work together to overcome these challenges.

While commercial pressures remain, there is, therefore, growing evidence that sustainability and business growth are not mutually exclusive. Companies that integrate environmental responsibility into their long-term strategies should stand to benefit not only from cost efficiencies but also from enhanced brand reputation, regulatory compliance, and increased customer loyalty. The findings of the Agilitas report, alongside those of other recent industry analyses, suggest a broader consensus that real carbon reduction, not mere offsetting, is the path forward. The IT channel may be making progress, but continued commitment, collaboration, and clear measurement will be key to ensuring that sustainability remains more than just a stated priority and becomes an embedded reality.

Sustainability-In-Tech : Carbon-Removal Material Trialled In Data Centre

Posted on by Paul Stradling

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is to pilot a new AI-designed carbon-removal material at one of its data centres as part of a new strategic partnership with AI start-up Orbital Materials.

Why?

As data processing and storage requirements increase, data centres must handle increasingly complex AI workloads, pushing their energy and cooling demands ever higher. AWS, like other operators, has set ambitious carbon reduction targets, but purchasing offsets can be costly and less transparent. In a new move, partnering with Orbital and integrating a new carbon-removal material at an AWS data centre by 2025, the company is aiming to directly remove more CO₂ from its airflow than it produces, potentially at a lower cost than traditional offsets. It’s hoped that this approach will not only help AWS meet its sustainability commitments but also address the escalating operational and environmental pressures driving these changes.

Who is Orbital and What is the AWS Deal?

Orbital, launched at the end of 2022 and led by CEO Jonathan Godwin, operates from facilities in Princeton, New Jersey and London. The start-up uses an AI-driven platform to rapidly discover and test advanced materials for climate-focused solutions (work that would traditionally take years in a lab). According to Amazon’s website, since establishing its research and development lab in early 2024, Orbital has seen a tenfold improvement in its carbon-removal material’s performance, highlighting the revolutionary potential of AI-driven materials discovery.

Through its multi-year partnership with AWS, Orbital will supply a carbon-removal material for integration at an AWS data centre by 2025. The goal is to capture more CO₂ than the facility emits, helping AWS meet its carbon reduction targets and potentially offering a more cost-effective, transparent alternative to traditional offsets.

Carbon Removal at the Source

The principal idea behind the AWS–Orbital collaboration is to use data centres themselves as a platform for direct carbon capture. Data centres rely on vast, sophisticated cooling systems to maintain the optimal temperatures required by the thousands of servers inside. These cooling systems constantly circulate large volumes of air, providing an excellent opportunity to integrate a carbon-removal material that can filter out CO₂ molecules as they flow through.

How Does Orbital’s Carbon Removal Material Work?

Orbital’s CEO, Jonathan Godwin, recently explained the nature of the advanced carbon-removing material it produces, describing it as “like a sponge at the atomic level”. For example, the material’s tiny cavities are sized to interact specifically with CO₂, thereby allowing it to trap the gas while letting other, less harmful components of the air pass freely. By 2025, AWS plans to pilot this cutting-edge carbon-removal technology in one of its data centres, testing its scalability and real-world performance.

A More Cost-Effective Alternative

While some operators resort to carbon offsets to reduce their net emissions, these can be expensive and often involve complex verification processes. By capturing carbon directly from the air at the source, data centres could theoretically bypass intermediaries and reduce their reliance on offset markets. According to Jonathan Godwin, the added cost of incorporating Orbital’s carbon-removal material amounts to roughly 10 per cent of the hourly charge of renting a GPU chip for AI training, significantly less than the price of most carbon offsets. This cost-effectiveness could make the proposition commercially attractive, helping data centre operators improve their environmental performance without eroding their bottom line.

Efficiency and Water Usage

While reducing CO₂ emissions is a crucial goal, the AWS–Orbital partnership also aims to tackle other environmental challenges associated with large-scale computing infrastructure. For example, data centres are thirsty operations, requiring huge amounts of water to maintain their cooling systems. Therefore, the ability to integrate more efficient, high-performance materials into cooling processes could lead to reductions in both energy and water consumption.

Speaking about the partnership (on the Amazon website), Orbital’s CEO Jonathan Godwin said, “Our partnership with AWS will accelerate the deployment of our advanced technologies for data centre decarbonisation and efficiency. Working with the market-leading AWS team will accelerate our development of products in cooling, water utilisation, and carbon removal.” In a similar vein, Howard Gefen, General Manager of AWS Energy & Utilities, stated, “AWS looks forward to collaborating with Orbital and their mission to drive data centre decarbonisation and efficiency.”

By designing materials that can capture carbon, improve cooling efficiency, and potentially reduce water consumption, Orbital’s platform looks as though it could open new pathways for sustainable data centre operations. The success of these early trials could lead the way to more widespread adoption of such materials throughout the data centre industry.

Technical and Logistical Challenges

Of course, the introduction of any new technology brings its own challenges. For example, trying to integrate an advanced filtration material into a complex data centre cooling system will alter airflow characteristics. Although this change could increase the workload on existing fans and pumps, Orbital believes the net effect will be positive. Also, the slightly higher energy required for pumping air through the new filters should be more than compensated for by the benefits of lower emissions and improved resource efficiency.

Another pressing consideration is handling the captured CO₂. Once the gas is isolated from the airstream, what then? While specific details of exactly how the carbon will be stored or reused are currently not being made clear, the partners will, no doubt, need robust protocols for managing the extracted greenhouse gases sustainably. Ensuring safe, long-term storage or practical utilisation of this captured carbon is likely to be key to the project’s overall success.

Not The Only One Involved In Data Centre Carbon Capture

It should be noted here that Orbital is not alone in pursuing on-site carbon capture in data centres. For example, other tech giants such as Alphabet (Google) and Meta have filed patents related to similar concepts, and start-ups like 280 Earth are also working on solutions to tackle data centre emissions at source. However, what appears to distinguish Orbital’s approach is its ability to move fast and iterate quickly. By using generative AI to design and test materials virtually, Orbital can arrive at promising formulations far faster than traditional lab-based methods.

This accelerated materials discovery process looks like giving Orbital a potential edge in developing specialised compounds. For example, its carbon-removal material is tailored to work effectively with hot, CO₂-laden air exiting data centre servers. Rather than building a generic carbon filter, Orbital can produce optimised materials that function well under real-world operational conditions.

Wider Applications and Open Access to AI Models

Beyond this single pilot project, Orbital’s technology could also have a much broader impact. For example, the start-up plans to make its open-source AI model ‘Orb’ available to AWS customers via Amazon SageMaker JumpStart and AWS Marketplace. This means that other companies tackling their own materials and climate challenges, whether in semiconductors, batteries, or electronics, will soon have a powerful new tool at their disposal.

Such accessibility is critical. Orbital’s AI-driven approach, therefore, does not appear to just offer one clever solution to a pressing sustainability issue, but could represent a new methodology for discovering and optimising advanced materials. By making these capabilities available in the cloud, Orbital and AWS hope to democratise materials R&D, thereby, hopefully, empowering a wider range of enterprises to contribute to sustainability-driven innovation.

Keeping Pace with Sustainability Targets

The urgency driving projects also comes from the large technology companies having pledged to reach net-zero carbon emissions within the coming decades. Yet, as AI models grow more complex, requiring ever more computational power, energy usage soars. Without new interventions, these data centres risk undermining carefully set climate targets.

AWS, as the world’s largest cloud-computing provider by revenue, is under particular scrutiny. Millions of customers rely on its infrastructure, and sustainability commitments have become a point of competitive differentiation. By embracing on-site carbon capture and making advanced materials more accessible, AWS is banking on not only working to meet its own targets but potentially setting a precedent that others in the industry may follow.

Potential Ripple Effects Across the Sector

If the AWS pilot proves successful, it could catalyse a wave of adoption in data centres across the globe. On-site carbon capture may offer a more transparent and reliable way of verifying emissions reductions than conventional offsets. It might even allow data centre operators to generate their own carbon credits by capturing more CO₂ than they produce, thereby transforming a cost centre into a revenue stream.

Such a shift would, however, require careful economic, regulatory, and environmental considerations. For now, the AWS–Orbital initiative is a test (albeit part of a “multi-year” commitment), but one that carries high stakes and considerable promise. This early pilot could be said to represent a proactive step towards embedding sustainability at the heart of AI-driven infrastructure and an opportunity to ensure that the digital revolution does not come at an unacceptable environmental cost.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation?

In many ways, the AWS–Orbital pilot project encapsulates the evolving relationship between digital infrastructure and the urgent need to address our environmental responsibilities. By attempting to capture carbon on-site rather than relying solely on offsets, AWS is exploring a pathway that could be more transparent, cost-effective, and efficient. Orbital’s rapid, AI-driven approach to materials discovery highlights a significant shift in how quickly breakthroughs can be achieved, and the involvement of AWS, arguably one of the most influential players in the sector, puts added weight behind this experimentation.

However, the path forward is not going to be without its hurdles. For example, integrating new materials into data centres, ensuring that carbon can be meaningfully stored or reused, and consistently meeting demanding performance standards will all require careful planning and meticulous execution. Also, the costs, although promising at present, are likely to evolve alongside technological improvements and market conditions, meaning that careful economic analysis will remain crucial.

Beyond this specific partnership (due to last an unspecified, but probably a small number of years), it suggests that the integration of advanced materials and AI-driven R&D could help carve out a more sustainable future for data centres worldwide.

Sustainability-in-Tech : World’s First Wind-Powered DAC Carbon Capture Hub

Posted on by Paul Stradling

Dutch climate technology startup Skytree is providing the technology for the world’s first 100 per cent wind-powered Direct Air Capture (DAC) hub in Texas.

Project Concho Using Skytree Technology

Dubbed ‘Project Concho’, this ambitious project seeks to redefine carbon removal from the air by using cutting-edge DAC systems with renewable energy on an unprecedented scale. Set in Tom Green County, the project combines the expertise of innovators in carbon capture and renewable energy to address the now urgent need for scalable climate solutions. With its unique design and bold objectives, Project Concho could potentially provide a boost to combatting global CO₂ emissions.

What Is Direct Air Capture?

Direct Air Capture is a technology that removes carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Unlike traditional carbon capture methods, which focus on emissions from industrial sources, DAC targets ambient air, i.e. it’s a tool for addressing legacy emissions. Once captured, CO₂ can either be stored underground or utilised in various industrial applications. While DAC technology is still in its infancy compared to other climate solutions, its potential to combat climate change at scale has drawn increasing attention and investment globally.

The Vision Behind Project Concho

Using a patented modular system called ‘Stratus’, Skytree’s advanced DAC technology, which is at the heart of Project Concho, enables the efficient capture and permanent storage of CO₂. What is particularly unusual about it in the DAC world is that it’s powered entirely by a wind farm built by Spanish renewable energy firm Greenalia, ensuring the project operates with a minimal environmental footprint.

When & How Much Carbon Will It Capture?

The initial phase of the project, scheduled to commence in 2028, aims to capture 30,000 tonnes of CO₂ annually, with plans to scale up to a staggering 500,000 tonnes per year. This scalability is central to Skytree’s modular design, which allows additional units to be seamlessly integrated as the project grows. As Elena Nikonova, Vice President of Skytree North America, says, “Deploying DAC at scale is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact.”

According to Statista.com “Global GHG emissions have continued to rise and reached a new high of 53 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e) in 2023”. This would mean that even at full capacity of 500,000 per year, this would require (many tens of) thousands of these (full-scale) projects to be running simultaneously aroundthe world, clearly a very ambitious task indeed! However, it is a start.

The Symbiotic Energy-DAC Relationship

A unique aspect of Project Concho is its synergistic relationship with the wind farm. DAC facilities are known for their high energy demands, which often make them financially and operationally challenging. However, Project Concho guarantees a consistent offloading of excess wind energy, ensuring stable revenue for Greenalia while securing low-cost renewable power for the DAC hub.

This mutually beneficial arrangement not only reduces operational costs for the DAC facility but also enhances the economic viability of wind energy projects. Alexandre Alonso, Senior Vice President of Business Development at Greenalia, has hailed this model as a “game-changer” for renewable energy partnerships.

Economic and Policy Context

The project has received significant support from the US government, reflecting a broader surge in DAC investments spurred by favourable policies and subsidies. For example, the Biden-Harris Administration recently announced $1.8 billion in funding for DAC technologies, adding to the lucrative 45Q tax credit established in the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act. Under this credit, operators can earn up to $180 per metric tonne of CO₂ captured and stored.

This policy framework, coupled with private investment, has positioned the United States as a global leader in carbon removal efforts. Skytree’s CEO, Rob van Straten, has previously noted in interviews that the US (at present) offers a unique combination of industrial demand and governmental backing, creating fertile ground for projects like Project Concho.

Benefits of the Project

If successful, Project Concho could set a new standard for integrating renewable energy and carbon capture technology. Its wind-powered approach not only minimises the carbon footprint of the DAC process but also demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale renewable energy utilisation in industrial applications.

The project is also expected to generate revenue through the sale of carbon credits, providing a financial incentive for industries to offset their emissions. By capturing and permanently storing CO₂ underground, it could directly contribute to global climate goals, such as limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Project Concho’s scalable design could pave the way for similar ventures worldwide, particularly in regions with abundant renewable energy resources. As Nikonova says, this project “opens the door to even more ambitious and transformative carbon removal projects.”

Challenges and Criticisms

Despite its promise, it’s worth noting that Project Concho faces some challenges. The high upfront costs of both wind farms and DAC facilities remain a significant barrier, even with government subsidies. Critics also argue that DAC technologies divert attention and resources from more established and cost-effective climate solutions, such as renewable energy expansion and reforestation.

There is also scepticism regarding the reliance on carbon credits as a revenue model. For example, while they provide financial incentives for emissions reduction, carbon credits have been criticised for enabling industries to continue polluting rather than transitioning to cleaner practices. Ensuring transparency and accountability in the carbon credit market will be crucial for the long-term success and credibility of projects like Project Concho.

What About The ‘Trump Factor’?

The future of Project Concho and similar initiatives could, however, face a starkly different reality under the incoming Trump administration. Trump’s scepticism toward climate change (he once famously called it a “hoax”) and his track record of rolling back environmental regulations raise serious concerns about the level of federal support such projects might receive in the next few years. For example, Trump’s previous withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and reduced funding for renewable energy development highlight a likely focus on fossil fuels rather than progressive climate solutions like DAC. Without supportive policies or subsidies, the financial viability of large-scale carbon capture hubs could be severely undermined.

Will It Really Make A Dent?

Even with robust backing, some question whether DAC technologies can scale up quickly enough to meet the urgent need for carbon removal. Current DAC facilities capture only a minute fraction of the billions of tonnes of CO₂ emitted annually. To meet the IPCC’s target of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C, carbon removal technologies must achieve dramatic growth, something experts believe will require both significant technological advances and global political will. Additionally, the energy-intensive nature of DAC means that without renewable power integration, its environmental benefits could be negated. While initiatives like Project Concho show promise, their impact may be too limited unless accompanied by broader systemic changes.

Reduce Emissions First

Many critics also argue that more emphasis should be placed on reducing emissions at their source rather than relying on carbon capture to clean up the aftermath. Strategies such as transitioning industries to renewable energy, implementing stricter emissions standards, and investing in public transport and energy efficiency may offer immediate and cost-effective solutions. While DAC and similar technologies are valuable tools in the fight against climate change, their role must be complementary. Reducing emissions outright is not only faster but also addresses the root cause, making the overall climate effort far more sustainable.

Other Major Carbon Capture Projects

Project Concho is actually one of a growing list of ambitious carbon capture initiatives worldwide. Others include, for example:

Orca Plant, Iceland. Operational since 2021, this facility uses geothermal energy to capture and mineralise CO₂. It has a capacity of 4,000 tonnes per year but plans for significant expansion.

Boundary Dam, Canada. A coal-fired power station retrofitted with carbon capture technology, capable of capturing 1 million tonnes of CO₂ annually.

Porthos Project, Netherlands. A pipeline network under development to transport and store CO₂ emissions from industrial facilities beneath the North Sea.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

The potential of Project Concho to reshape the landscape of carbon capture and renewable energy integration is undeniable in that it represents a bold step forward in addressing the complex challenge of global CO₂ emissions. By harnessing the power of wind energy to drive innovative DAC technology, the project demonstrates how industries can work together to create scalable, potentially impactful solutions. The promise of capturing up to 500,000 tonnes of CO₂ annually while maintaining a minimal environmental footprint highlights the ingenuity at the heart of this initiative, not to mention the ambition.

However, the challenges and criticisms cannot be overlooked. High costs, energy demands, and reliance on carbon credits present hurdles that must be navigated with care. Additionally, the political landscape, particularly under a Trump administration sceptical of climate science, could pose significant obstacles to the kind of support such projects need to thrive. These uncertainties make it clear that carbon capture cannot serve as a standalone solution. It must complement a broader strategy that prioritises reducing emissions at their source.

Project Concho, therefore, highlights both the potential and the limitations of current carbon capture efforts. While it offers a promising glimpse into a future where renewable energy and DAC technology work in tandem, it also reveals the urgent need for systemic change. A multifaceted approach i.e., combining bold innovation, supportive policies, and a relentless focus on reducing emissions, may be essential if we are to meet the scale of the climate crisis. Although Project Concho may appear to be a crucial piece of the puzzle, the world must not lose sight of the bigger picture.

Sustainability-in-Tech : ‘Green Software’ Extends Device Lifespans

Posted on by Paul Stradling

In this article, we look at how ‘green software’ can be used to enable devices, such as phones, to run longer and can make them more carbon-efficient when in operation.

The Carbon Cost of the Upgrading Cycle

A significant environmental impact of mobile phones comes not from their daily usage but from their production. For example, around 80 per cent of a phone’s total carbon emissions are generated during its manufacturing process, with only 20 per cent linked to its operational use. This means that the frequent cycle of upgrading devices has a substantial carbon cost. Each time a new phone is produced, considerable energy and resources are expended, increasing overall carbon emissions. This highlights an urgent need for more sustainable technology practices.

Green Software 

One solution lies in green software, which aims to prolong the lifespan of devices by keeping them efficient for longer. By improving software to use fewer resources and run smoothly on older hardware, green software can reduce the pressure to upgrade, ultimately decreasing the environmental footprint associated with constant hardware production. It’s hoped that this approach not only helps conserve resources but also represents a meaningful way to minimise the carbon impact of our increasingly technology-driven lives.

The Environmental Cost of Technology and the Role of Software 

With the growth of the information technology and communications (ICT) sector, the carbon footprint of technology is expected to escalate. In 2020, ICT accounted for around 1.4 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, and by 2040, that share is projected to rise to 14 per cent. This trend highlights an urgent need for sustainable practices in tech. Software efficiency can play a significant role in this, not only enabling devices to consume less energy but also extending their life through optimised performance. This approach may reduce carbon emissions, both by lowering the demand for new hardware and by making existing technology operate more efficiently.

The Difference With Green Software 

While traditional software is often designed with user experience and functionality in mind, green software prioritises energy efficiency and carbon-conscious practices. Developed by companies such as the Green Software Foundation, tools like the Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) metric offer a way to measure software’s carbon footprint, covering both the direct emissions of the software and the embedded carbon of the hardware on which it runs. This approach is a step towards creating transparent, trackable measures of software’s environmental impact.

Extending Device Life with Green Software 

Extending the lifespan of electronic devices can significantly reduce the need for new hardware production and its associated emissions. /e/OS is an example of a notable player in the green software sphere, designed to provide extended support to older Android devices, long after manufacturers have ended their support. Unlike traditional operating systems that may introduce unnecessary features or “bloatware” that can slow down a device, /e/OS minimises resource use and runs efficiently on older hardware, even on devices over ten years old. By offering regular security updates and optimised performance, /e/OS helps users maximise the lifespan of their phones, reducing the need to upgrade prematurely.

It should also be noted here that, beyond its environmental benefits, /e/OS is marketed very much as privacy-centric and emphasises the fact that it offers a “deGoogled” experience, where users can avoid data tracking while using essential smartphone features. This appeals to users who value both sustainability and data privacy, possibly making it a well-rounded solution in the green software landscape (other green software is also available). That said, the /e/OS system’s impact on reducing electronic waste is noteworthy. For example, each phone kept in use for an extra year prevents an estimated 55kg of CO₂ from being emitted due to avoided production.

Carbon-Efficient Operations Through Green Coding Practices 

Efficient coding practices are another core aspect of green software. Many modern applications run on cloud servers, where energy consumption is often unmonitored or underestimated. As highlighted by Asim Hussain, Executive Director of the Green Software Foundation, developers rarely seem to consider energy use in server applications due to a lack of monitoring tools. To tackle this, the Green Software Foundation (US-based, founded in 2021 as a global initiative launched by Microsoft, Accenture, GitHub, and ThoughtWorks) developed the SCI metric to measure the carbon intensity of software, allowing developers to track and optimise their applications. The Foundation’s Impact Framework enables developers to estimate emissions based on observable server resource usage, providing actionable insights to improve energy efficiency.

Code Smells 

A further initiative, ecoCode (a France-based collaborative project that helps developers create energy-efficient code), identifies “code smells,” or signs that software could run more efficiently. By identifying inefficient code, such as unnecessary database queries or overly complex algorithms, ecoCode encourages developers to create lighter, more efficient applications. For example, as highlighted in a recent article on Yahoo by Tariq Shaukat, CEO of Sonar, “A lot [of code smells] would fall under the umbrella of overly complex code. The second [type] is things that run in an inefficient way: You’re updating or pulling data more frequently than you need to. Another one is bloat. How do you make your app as lean and streamlined as possible?”. Simplifying such code not only improves performance but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with the software’s operation. Companies that adopt ecoCode principles can potentially cut their operational emissions, creating software that uses fewer server resources without compromising functionality.

Examples of Green Software Companies and Their Impact 

The green software landscape has seen a growing number of organisations committed to sustainability, each bringing unique solutions. Besides /e/OS (previously mentioned), other companies leading the charge in sustainable software and hardware solutions include:

– Fairphone. This company stands out for its ethical approach to mobile phone production. Though primarily focused on hardware, Fairphone’s software practices contribute to a longer device lifespan. Fairphone’s modular design allows users to easily replace or upgrade components, while its operating system is built to avoid bloatware, resulting in extended device functionality. The Fairphone 3, for example, received software updates for five years post-launch, significantly longer than many mainstream smartphones. This approach aligns with the company’s mission to reduce electronic waste, a priority for its environmentally conscious customer base.

– Mycroft AI. Headquartered in Kansas City in the US, this green software company takes a sustainability-focused approach to AI. The open-source voice assistant, for example, focuses on resource-efficient operation and privacy. Unlike typical AI systems that constantly transmit data to central servers, Mycroft AI allows users to run the software locally, thereby reducing energy consumption and eliminating the need for large data centres. This minimises Mycroft AI’s overall carbon footprint and provides users with a privacy-friendly alternative to more data-intensive virtual assistants.

– Murena, the company behind /e/OS, also complements its mobile OS with a suite of privacy-focused applications, from email to cloud storage. The company’s commitment to open-source practices ensures transparency, allowing users to inspect and verify that the software prioritises minimal resource use and respects data privacy. Murena’s ecosystem, powered by low-impact services, is designed for users who want a comprehensive, privacy-respecting experience without the environmental impact of conventional, high-energy digital services.

– Sailfish OS, developed by the Finnish company Jolla, is a Linux-based mobile operating system designed to be energy-efficient and adaptable. Its lightweight architecture ensures that devices operate smoothly without excessive resource consumption, thereby extending battery life and reducing the need for frequent hardware upgrades. Sailfish OS supports a range of devices, including older models, promoting device longevity and reducing electronic waste. Additionally, its open-source nature allows for community-driven development, fostering transparency and continuous optimisation for energy efficiency.

– PostmarketOS, an open-source project based in Switzerland, aims to provide a sustainable alternative to traditional mobile operating systems. It is designed to run on a wide array of devices, including those no longer supported by their manufacturers, effectively extending their usable life. By offering a streamlined and bloatware-free experience, PostmarketOS reduces the energy consumption of devices, contributing to a lower carbon footprint. The project emphasises privacy and user control, aligning with the principles of green software by minimising resource use and maximising device longevity.

The Growing Importance of Software Sustainability 

While the demand for sustainable tech solutions is increasing, the adoption of green software practices remains limited. For example, Gartner estimates that only 10 per cent of large companies currently include sustainability as a criterion in their software procurement, although this is expected to reach 30 per cent by 2027. This shift in priorities reflects a growing recognition among businesses of the importance of reducing their digital carbon footprint.

What About Big Tech Companies? 

Microsoft, Google, and Intel could be considered green software companies in so much as they are members of the Green Software Foundation, actively working on reducing the environmental impact of their digital services. Microsoft, for example, has committed to becoming carbon negative by 2030 and is working on tools to help developers reduce energy consumption. By making their software more carbon-efficient, these big companies hope to lead the charge in digital sustainability.

Encouraging a Culture of Sustainability in Software Development 

The transition to sustainable tech solutions is not without its challenges. Encouraging developers to prioritise energy efficiency requires a cultural shift within organisations. In an article recently published by Yahoo, for example, Peter Campbell, Director of Green Software at Kainos, discussed the challenges of integrating sustainability into software development. He noted, “We thought that if we educated internally and externally, it would get magical adoption from all our teams. Turns out it doesn’t work as simply as that. The culture piece is really hard, not just to get people to act, but to keep prioritising it. There are so many priorities from our customers that sustainability sometimes isn’t the loudest one.” 

The Green Software Foundation’s free courses on sustainability in software aim to address this cultural challenge, equipping developers and engineers with the knowledge to build more efficient applications. These initiatives are important in making green software development a mainstream practice, ensuring that sustainability becomes an integral part of the digital landscape.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

Looking ahead, green software holds promise not only for environmentally conscious consumers but also for businesses aiming to reduce their carbon footprint. For business users, incorporating green software could offer a practical path to extend device lifespans, reduce operational costs, and align with growing environmental expectations from customers and investors alike. As tools like /e/OS and PostmarketOS demonstrate, using lighter, bloat-free software can mean fewer disruptions, improved device performance, and greater privacy control, all of which are key benefits for organisations seeking sustainable, reliable, and secure digital tools.

For green software companies, the path forward is both challenging and ripe with opportunity. As seen with Mycroft AI and ecoCode, sustainable solutions in tech are gaining traction, with businesses increasingly recognising that energy-efficient software can directly translate to lower emissions. However, these companies also face the dual challenge of innovating in ways that are both carbon-efficient and market-competitive.

Big tech players, meanwhile, are under mounting pressure to demonstrate leadership in digital sustainability. With members like Microsoft and Google spearheading initiatives within the Green Software Foundation, there is hope that their influence could accelerate wider industry adoption of green software practices. Their commitments to carbon reduction, as in Microsoft’s ambition to be carbon negative by 2030, appear to reflect a shift in priorities, yet achieving these goals demands that green principles are integrated deeply within all levels of software development and hardware lifecycle management.

As for phone manufacturers, some, like Fairphone, are already paving the way with modular, long-lasting devices, mainstream manufacturers are beginning to extend software support for their devices, a positive step but one that should really expand further. As consumer expectations for durability and sustainability grow, the pressure is mounting for manufacturers to adopt green software practices that can support hardware for longer periods. If big brands make this shift, they have the power to reshape the device industry, potentially reducing electronic waste at a global scale.

Sustainability-in-Tech : Taking Carbon Out Of … Seawater!

Posted on by Paul Stradling

Amsterdam-based startup Brineworks is using innovative seawater electrolysis technology to tackle the issue of carbon emissions and reshape the landscape of carbon capture and sustainable fuel production.

In A Nutshell – Leveraging The Potential of Seawater 

Brineworks has developed a seawater electrolysis technology that extracts carbon dioxide (CO₂) and produces green hydrogen (H₂) directly from seawater. The company’s new approach is different because it leverages the ocean’s higher CO₂ concentration (about 150 times that of the atmosphere), thereby making the process more energy-efficient and cost-effective than traditional air capture methods, all while simultaneously generating green hydrogen as a valuable fuel byproduct.

What Problem Does The Technology Solve? 

Existing traditional direct air capture (DAC) methods (capturing carbon from the atmosphere) are costly and energy-intensive. For example, the International Energy Agency estimates costs between $230 to $630 (€210 to €570) per metric ton of CO₂ for traditional DAC methods. These high costs have, until now, been a significant barrier to large-scale adoption and meaningful impact on global emissions.

Brineworks’ Affordable Seawater Electrolysis 

Brineworks aims to disrupt this landscape by capturing CO₂ directly from seawater at under $100 per metric ton when scaled. Given that the ocean holds CO₂ concentrations about 150 times higher than the atmosphere, the energy required for extraction is substantially less. This makes the process not only more efficient but also more economically viable.

How It Works (Acidifying and Neutralising Seawater for CO₂ Extraction) 

The core of Brineworks’ technology lies in its innovative seawater electrolyser. Electrolysing seawater essentially involves passing an electric current through it, which splits it into different components such as hydrogen gas, oxygen, and ions, but essentially two main parts – an acid stream and a base stream. The ‘acid stream’ (i.e. an acidic solution) is used to lower the pH of seawater in a controlled environment to release dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂). The ‘base stream’ refers to the alkaline solution that results from the same electrolysis process.

The system that Brineworks users, therefore, employs the acid stream from electrolysis to acidify seawater in a ‘closed system’, which liberates pure CO₂. This CO₂ can then be directly extracted and either sequestered for permanent carbon removal or used as a feedstock for producing e-fuels like e-methanol, e-methane, sustainable aviation fuel, and e-diesel.

After CO₂ extraction, the base stream (alkaline) is then used to neutralise the seawater before it’s released back into the ocean, ensuring minimal environmental impact, and maintaining the ocean’s pH balance. This management of seawater chemistry in the process helps prevent any ecological disruption while leveraging the ocean’s natural ability to absorb more CO₂ from the atmosphere, thereby aiding in global carbon reduction efforts.

Co-Production of Green Hydrogen 

An added advantage of Brineworks’ process is the substantial production of green hydrogen during electrolysis. For every ton of CO₂ extracted, significant amounts of H₂ are generated. This hydrogen can be stored and used as a clean energy / fuel source, providing an additional revenue stream, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.

Applications

Brineworks’ technology appears to hold real potential for industries that are challenging to electrify, particularly maritime shipping and aviation. For example:

– Maritime shipping is responsible for about 3 per cent of global emissions and relies on high-energy-density fuels for long-haul voyages. Electrification isn’t a feasible solution in the near term. The Brineworks technology could, therefore, supply the essential CO₂ and H₂ feedstocks for producing carbon-neutral e-fuels directly at ports, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting emissions.

– In the aviation industry, large commercial and cargo planes require massive amounts of energy relative to their weight, meaning that full electrification is currently impractical. Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) could offer a viable path to decarbonisation but are hindered by high production costs due to expensive feedstocks. By providing affordable CO₂ and H₂, the technology from Brineworks could lower the costs of SAFs, making them a more practical option for the industry.

Ocean-Based CO₂ Removal (Enhancing Natural Sinks) 

Beyond fuel production, Brineworks also supports ocean-based carbon dioxide removal techniques like Direct Ocean Capture (DOC) and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE). These methods enhance the ocean’s capacity to absorb atmospheric CO₂ and combat ocean acidification. Brineworks’ technology provides a versatile and cost-effective means to implement these strategies at scale. For example:

– Direct Ocean Capture (DOC). By adjusting seawater chemistry through acidification and neutralisation, Brineworks can remove CO₂ from seawater, which is then replenished by atmospheric CO₂, effectively reducing greenhouse gases.

– Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE). The base stream from electrolysis is added to the ocean, increasing its alkalinity, and enhancing its ability to store CO₂ in a stable, dissolved form.

Scaling and Sustainability 

Brineworks is also keen to emphasise the scalability and sustainability in its design. The modular system uses earth-abundant, low-cost materials, thereby reducing capital expenditure (CAPEX) and maintenance costs. High-efficiency membranes and a reduction in precious metal usage also make the technology more accessible and easier to deploy in various settings.

By making the process decentralised, sustainable fuel production can occur anywhere there’s seawater, thereby freeing industries from reliance on geopolitical supply chains of fossil fuels. This could open up possibilities for nations worldwide to produce their own sustainable fuels, contributing to global decarbonisation efforts.

Not The Only Company Doing It 

It should be noted here that Brineworks isn’t the only company / organisation developing seawater electrolysis technology that uses ocean as a source for both carbon capture and green hydrogen production. Others with similar systems include:

– Los Angeles-based ‘Equatic’, which is a leading player in this space, utilising a seawater electrolysis process to simultaneously capture CO₂ from the atmosphere and produce hydrogen. Their technology involves oxygen-selective anodes (OSAs), which allow for efficient hydrogen production without producing harmful chlorine gas. Like Brineworks, Equatic’s process is designed to operate at a cost of under $100 per tonne of CO₂ removed, and they have major projects planned for commercial-scale carbon removal and hydrogen production.

– University of Adelaide researchers have also developed a method to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen with nearly 100 per cent efficiency. Their approach does not require any pre-treatment, such as desalination or purification, making it a highly efficient and scalable option for green hydrogen production.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

Brineworks’ innovative approach to carbon capture through seawater electrolysis represents a significant leap forward in the race toward sustainable energy and emissions reduction. By harnessing the ocean’s higher carbon dioxide concentration, the company has developed a method that is not only more energy-efficient but also economically viable. The dual benefit of extracting CO₂ and producing green hydrogen simultaneously positions Brineworks as a key player in decarbonisation efforts, particularly in sectors like shipping and aviation, where electrification remains impractical due to the high energy demands of long-haul operations. The production of synthetic fuels such as e-methanol and e-diesel, using Brineworks’ CO₂ and hydrogen feedstocks, provides a viable solution for these industries to reduce emissions without compromising operational efficiency.

In maritime shipping, which accounts for 3 per cent of global emissions, Brineworks’ technology offers the potential for significant emission reductions by providing ports with the ability to produce carbon-neutral fuels on-site, minimising reliance on fossil fuels. Similarly, aviation (which faces immense challenges in full electrification) could benefit from cheaper and more accessible Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) made possible by the lower-cost feedstocks Brineworks provides. These fuels may be critical to reducing the carbon footprint of an industry that is responsible for a significant share of global emissions.

What sets Brineworks apart is its ability to achieve large-scale carbon removal while maintaining environmental integrity, ensuring that the delicate balance of ocean chemistry remains intact. This forward-thinking technology, which supports both direct CO₂ extraction and ocean-based carbon removal techniques, offers a sustainable, modular solution that can be deployed globally. In addition to shipping and aviation, industries such as energy production and heavy manufacturing could benefit from the technology’s ability to co-generate green hydrogen, enabling a transition away from fossil fuels while supporting energy storage and production needs.

Sustainability-in-Tech : Twisted Carbon Nanotubes Store 3 X More Energy Than Best Lithium Batteries

Posted on by Paul Stradling

A team of 20 team global scientists have published research findings showing that “twisted single-walled carbon nanotube ropes” can store three times more energy per unit mass than advanced lithium-ion batteries.

The Search For New Energy Sources 

The research team, which includes members from the University of Maryland- Baltimore County (UMBC) and its Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) set out to look at new energy sources to help meet the net-zero objective needed by the next-generation. As the researchers noted: “Energy acquisition in itself is not enough, and an environmentally compatible approach for efficient energy storage during times of high demand is presently the top-ranking priority for humankind.” 

Twisted Carbon Nanotubes 

The researchers discovered that a twisted rope composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) “possesses the remarkable ability to reversibly store nanomechanical energy”. In fact, these ropes (wrapped in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers) were found to be able to store over 10,000 times more energy than steel springs and three times more energy than the best lithium-ion batteries.

Also, unlike chemical and electrochemical energy carriers, the nanomechanical energy stored in a SWCNT rope was found to be very safe, even in harsh conditions, with the energy not depleting over time and remaining accessible in a wide temperature range (from −60 to +100°C).

In addition to being able to store vast amounts of energy, SWCNTs are 100 times stronger and five times stiffer than steel at a fraction of its weight, with unparalleled mechanical toughness. They are also easy to manufacture!

Applications 

With the SWCNT rope samples investigated in the research being “miniscule”, the researchers have suggested their current use could be for microscale energy storage in hydro and wind power and in small devices. However, advances in SWCNT spinning could make them suitable for other applications, but further research would be required, e.g. to make ropes with greater energy storage.

That said, with their high energy storage capacity, safety, and stability across a wide temperature range, it’s possible that SWCNTs could be used in future to power things such as medical devices and implants safely within the human body. They could also conceivably be used to enhance wearable electronics, support sensors in harsh environments, and perhaps be used in advanced space technologies. It’s understood that one of the first uses of the twisted carbon nanotubes is as an energy source for a prototype sensor that the CAST team is developing.

Exciting Discovery 

Although energy has been stored in mechanical coil springs to power devices such as watches and toys for many years, the SWCNTs developed by the researchers have dramatically increased the amount of energy that can be stored in a tiny, coiled structure.

For this reason, Sanjeev Kumar Ujjain, from CAST, a lead researcher on the work, said: “This research shows twisted carbon nanotubes have great potential for mechanical energy storage, and we are excited to share the news with the world.” 

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

The breakthrough in twisted single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ropes presents a transformative opportunity for businesses across various sectors. The ability of SWCNT ropes to store three times more energy per unit mass than advanced lithium-ion batteries and 10,000 times more than steel springs signifies a substantial leap in energy storage technology. This innovation offers a pathway to more efficient and sustainable energy solutions, aligning with global net-zero objectives.

For companies involved in renewable energy, SWCNT ropes could revolutionise microscale energy storage, particularly in hydro and wind power applications. Their high energy-density and stability across a wide temperature range ensure consistent performance and safety, even in harsh environments. This makes them a reliable option for remote or extreme condition deployments, enhancing the resilience and efficiency of renewable energy systems.

In the healthcare sector, the application of SWCNT ropes in powering medical devices and implants opens up new possibilities. Their compact size and high energy capacity make them ideal for long-lasting, safe energy storage in medical technologies, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the need for frequent interventions.

The electronics industry can also benefit from the integration of SWCNT ropes into wearable devices. Their lightweight and flexible nature, coupled with significant energy storage capabilities, can lead to the development of more advanced, longer-lasting wearable technology, enhancing user experience and device functionality.

Also, the aerospace and defence industries could leverage the unparalleled mechanical toughness and energy density of SWCNT ropes for powering sensors and other critical components in space and military technologies. The ability to maintain performance across a broad temperature range further suggests their suitability for such demanding applications.

The discovery of twisted carbon nanotube ropes, therefore, represents a significant advancement in energy storage technology, offering numerous applications across various industries. Businesses that invest in this technology early on could gain a competitive edge by developing innovative, energy-efficient products and solutions that meet the growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy sources.

Sustainability-in-Tech : Floating Solar Panels Could Power Entire Countries

Posted on by Paul Stradling

New research has concluded that floating solar panels could have the potential to meet the entire electricity needs of certain countries.

Helping To Decarbonise National Economies 

The findings of the research (from Bangor and Lancaster Universities and the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) suggest that with a conservative 10 per cent surface area coverage, floating solar photovoltaics could produce sufficient energy to contribute a considerable fraction (16 per cent on average) of the electricity demand of some countries. This means that floating solar panels could play an important role in decarbonising national economies.

Why Floating Solar Panels? 

Solar energy is predicted to be the dominant renewable energy source by 2050, especially considering the growth of solar photovoltaics (PVs) been exceeded all projections. This is most likely because of their cost effectiveness, the global nature of the resource, and their flexibility in deployment.

In their results (published in nature.com), the researchers noted that the main reasons why floating solar photovoltaics (FPVs), also known as ‘floatovoltaics’, have advantages over conventionally deployed PVs that have enabled them to be deployed rapidly around the world (particularly on artificial bodies of water) include:

– The need for land-use change, where the alternative is a ground-mounted system. This is beneficial in land-scarce countries and regions with high land prices.

– FPV systems have lower temperatures, and thus higher efficiencies, compared to land-based systems.

How Much Electricity Could They Produce? 

Based on the researchers’ idea that they could be deployed in 68,000 lakes and reservoirs worldwide, numerical modelling and calculations indicate that FPVs could generate approximately 1302 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity annually. This equates to four times the total annual electricity demand of the UK!

Where? 

In terms of ideal locations, the researchers identified the best areas for FPV deployment as lakes and reservoirs within 10km of population-centres, away from protected areas, and with no more than six months of freezing a year.

As for which countries FPVs could help meet the energy demands via this renewable energy technology, the researchers highlighted Bolivia, Finland and even China. They also highlighted how FPVs could improve access to electricity in countries such as Chad or Malawi.

Challenges 

Despite the obvious potential benefits of deployment in some countries, the researchers also highlighted some challenges to the deployment of PPVs in some parts of the world and potential negative points, including:

– In many regions (e.g. sub-Saharan Africa), it is not simply a question of electricity supply but also connection, which can be difficult.

– Although globally the deployment of FPVs could lead to a total annual reduction of 0.45 billion tonnes of CO2 (2021 figures), in some countries where the carbon intensity of electricity is already very low, there could be a negative impact of FPV on total CO2 emissions, i.e. they could lead to higher CO2.

– In nations where the energy supply is dominated by hydro and wind, FPVs may increase CO2 emissions given PVsʼ higher carbon intensity.

– The impacts of FPVs on water body carbon cycling and their knock-on impacts on, among other things, CO2 emissions from water bodies are unknown.

– The total reduction in CO2 emissions highlighted by the research were based on water body constraint estimates which could vary depending on the number of water bodies included in any national-scale or global analysis.

Could Reduce Water Evaporation 

One other potential benefit of deploying large numbers of PV modules mounted on (moored) floats covering the surface of a water body noted by the researchers is the potential for reducing water scarcity by mitigating water loss via evaporation. This could be particularly helpful for drought-stricken areas.

Evaporation of water in key reservoirs and lakes has been shown to be accelerating globally under climate change.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

Covering existing bodies of water with solar floating solar panels to produce clean energy from the sun could, according to this research, represent a significant opportunity in terms of enhancing sustainability while securing a reliable and cost-effective energy source. The findings suggest that covering even a modest portion of water bodies with FPVs could markedly contribute to a whole nation’s electricity supply. This shift towards more sustainable energy practices could reduce costs and dependency on traditional energy sources, thereby benefiting countries, their economies, businesses, and the planet.

Embracing floating solar technology, contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions, and supporting the decarbonisation of national economies, could, it seems, play a pivotal role in combating climate change.

Also, the ancillary benefits of using FPVs at scale, such as reducing water evaporation, may also be particularly relevant for people living and organisations operating in water-scarce regions. This technology offers the dual advantage of generating renewable energy while conserving precious water resources. For organisations and businesses using the (presumably cheaper and abundant) power and benefitting from such initiatives, this could help them demonstrate their commitment to resource efficiency and environmental stewardship. This could be a powerful message in corporate social responsibility reports and sustainability communications.

However, despite the huge potential of FPVs, there are challenges associated with their deployment including potential connectivity issues in regions with underdeveloped electricity infrastructure. For organisations in these areas, it may be necessary to work collaboratively with local authorities and communities to improve grid connections and ensure the effective usage of FPVs. Also, understanding the environmental impact of FPVs on local ecosystems is crucial, but is not yet understood because it hasn’t happened at scale. Comprehensive environmental assessments, therefore, could be conducted to mitigate any negative effects, ensuring that the deployment of FPVs does not inadvertently harm the environment.

Investing in FPVs also appears to offer the promise of long-term financial benefits. The higher efficiency of FPVs compared to traditional land-based systems could result in more stable and predictable energy costs, providing a hedge against volatile energy markets. This stability may prove invaluable for long-term strategic planning and the overall resilience of the organisations operating in areas where FPVs are deployed.

Sustainability-in-Tech : Kite Powered Shipping Cuts Carbon

Posted on by Paul Stradling

German startup CargoKite has developed what it calls the “sailing ship of the 21st century” which uses a large kite to pull the vessel along, thereby providing sustainable, clean power.

Why? 

The new wind-powered micro-ships, developed by CargoKite and Lomar’s corporate venture lab have been designed to tackle a variety of challenges for today’s shipping, including:

– Ships run on heavy fuel oil (the dirtiest fuel in the world), making global shipping responsible for nearly 1 Gigatonne of CO2 emissions per year (more than all of Germany combined). Although freight ship owners and operators worldwide are working towards improved efficiencies and cleaner fuels, these actions are unlikely to be enough to meet targets for emissions reduction set by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). This means that heavy fuel oil-powered freight ships in their current form are not sustainable and are contributing to the climate crisis.

– Ultra-Large Vessels stacked high with containers may be cost-efficient, but only 5 per cent of ports have sufficient infrastructure to accommodate them. On all other routes, small, less cost-efficient ships are in use, which can double transport costs.

– Just one incident such as a (large) ship getting stuck in the Suez Canal or a labour strike in a port shutting down major parts of global shipping leads to massive congestion and can cost £billions in just a few days.

– Having to serve thousands of customers with a single ship makes individualised routing and just-in-time delivery very difficult for shipping companies, forcing cargo owners to keep expensive inventory.

– 98 per cent of ports are not directly connected and time intensive stop-offs and transshipments can slow things down and add unnecessary transportation time.

Are CargoKite Micro Ships The Answer? 

CargoKite believes the answer to these challenges is to develop the new ship class of ‘micro ships’ using large kite systems as the main method of propulsion and cutting-edge AI for autonomous operation.

The Kite 

The main propulsion system for the new CargoKite ships is an advanced kite that flies at altitudes between 100 and 300 metres. These are heights where the wind is stronger and more consistent, enabling the kite to effectively pull the ship using wind energy alone.

How The New Ship Design Meets The Other Challenges 

The design of the new CargoKite ship is able to meet the challenges of today’s freight vessels in the following ways:

– Reducing heavy fuel oil dependency. Having a wind-powered kite as the main propulsion method eliminates the need for heavy fuel oil. By relying on renewable wind energy instead, the new CargoKite ship is 100 per cent emission-free and is a sustainable alternative that aligns with global emissions reduction targets set by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

– Accessing a broader range of ports (micro ships are smaller). Unlike ultra-large vessels that require substantial port infrastructure, CargoKite’s micro ships are designed to be small (carrying only 16 containers each) and autonomous, enabling them to access a broader range of ports, including those with limited facilities. This decentralised approach allows for more flexible and cost-effective shipping routes, reducing dependency on the 5 per cent of ports capable of handling larger vessels, thus lowering overall transport costs.

– Minimising congestion and disruption risks. CargoKite’s fleet of smaller, autonomous ships reduces the risk of massive congestion caused by incidents like the Suez Canal blockage. These micro ships can operate independently and flexibly, providing more resilience to the global shipping network. By avoiding the bottlenecks associated with larger vessels and major ports, they ensure more reliable and uninterrupted cargo transport, even in the face of disruptions. They also offer 1.5x higher operation speed, no unnecessary stops (direct transport), and no transshipment, thereby enabling up to 40 per cent time savings compared to today’s transport times.

– Enabling individualised routing and Just-in-Time (JIT) delivery. The small, autonomous nature of CargoKite ships allows for more tailored and on-demand shipping services / an individualised  taxi-like service for cargo to replace today’s fixed schedules. This means they can travel any route, on-demand, and are fully traceable and just-in-time for cargo owners of every size, from startup to corporate, thereby reducing the need for cargo owners to maintain expensive inventories. This flexibility supports modern supply chain demands and enhances operational efficiency.

– Enhancing direct connectivity between ports. CargoKite’s ships are designed for direct point-to-point transport, which minimises the need for time-intensive stop-offs and transshipments. This improves overall efficiency by reducing unnecessary delays, thus shortening transportation times.

CargoKite says that shifting the paradigm from large inflexible freight ships to small autonomous, kite-powered micro ships is the cheapest way to fully decarbonise commercial freight shipping.

Reframing Port and Maritime Logistics 

Stylianos Papageorgiou, Managing Director of Lomar labs, the company partnering CargoKite to produce the micro ships says: “This radical new ship type has the potential to reframe the way port and maritime logistics are organised. It brings a paradigm shift to operations, which is only now becoming possible thanks to advances made in automation technologies. In addition, it promises to be a groundbreaking decarbonisation solution for shipping.”

Marcus Bischoff, Co-Founder & CTO of CargoKite says: “This collaboration aims to develop sea transport that is not only 100 per cent emission-free, but also supports the goals of modern supply chains: customisation, just-in-time delivery, full transparency and cost savings”. 

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

The introduction of CargoKite’s kite-powered micro ships could deliver an important shift for businesses reliant on maritime logistics. By leveraging sustainable wind energy, these innovative vessels provide a 100 per cent emission-free alternative to traditional heavy fuel oil-powered ships, aligning with global environmental targets and significantly reducing the carbon footprint of shipping operations. For businesses, this not only means compliance with stricter environmental regulations but also an opportunity to enhance their green credentials, appealing to an increasingly eco-conscious market.

CargoKite’s micro ships also appear to offer practical solutions to several longstanding logistical challenges. For example, their smaller size and autonomy enable access to a wider range of ports, including those with limited infrastructure, which traditionally could not accommodate ultra-large vessels. This expanded accessibility could lower transportation costs and provide more flexible routing options, ensuring that goods reach their destinations more efficiently and with fewer delays.

Also, the resilience and flexibility of a fleet of smaller, autonomous ships could mitigate the risks associated with major disruptions in the shipping industry, such as the disruption, congestion and economic losses caused by the Suez Canal blockage or port strikes. These sorts of issues are less likely to impact a network of decentralised, agile vessels, thereby enhancing the reliability of supply chains, ensuring smoother operations even in the face of unexpected challenges.

CargoKite’s model also appears to support modern supply chain demands through its ability to provide individualised routing and just-in-time delivery services. This adaptability could reduce the need for maintaining large, expensive inventories and allow businesses to respond swiftly to market changes. The direct point-to-point transport capability could further reduce unnecessary delays, ensuring faster and more predictable delivery times.

Integrating CargoKite’s sustainable, flexible, and efficient shipping solutions, therefore, could revolutionise how businesses manage their maritime logistics. By adopting these innovative micro ships, companies may be able to achieve significant cost savings, enhance operational efficiency, and demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainability.

Sustainability-in-Tech : World’s Largest Carbon Vacuuming Plant Opens

Posted on by Paul Stradling

The world’s largest direct air capture (DAC) plant, dubbed ‘Mammoth’ (which can suck polluting carbon from the air to help tackle global warming) has started operating in Iceland.

Mammoth 

Started on the 28th June 2022 and now completed and operating, Mammoth was designed to remove 36,000 tons of carbon from the air per year – the equivalent of removing 7,800 cars petrol-fuelled cars from the road.

Its creators and operators, Climeworks, based in Switzerland, say it has been built for multi-megaton capacity in the 2030s, and should deliver gigaton capacity by 2050.

Global Warming and Climate Change 

Mammoth is designed to directly remove carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere for climate change mitigation and to meet global climate targets. The challenge, as regards to global warming and the resulting climate change, is that in order to keep the temperature at (or below) the maximum 1.5°C threshold increase, many believe that measures to reduce our carbon footprint are not enough and active removal of CO₂ already in the atmosphere is needed. Climeworks says “we need to extract billions of tons of CO₂ between now and 2050”. 

DAC 

Mammoth, Climeworks’s second carbon capture plant (which is the largest in the world), involves using a geothermal power plant to provide the energy for the facility that vacuum-filters CO₂ from the air.  The filtered CO₂ is then stored in containers (DAC+S), stacked on top of each other. Finally, the CO₂ is ‘injected’ with ‘Carbfix’ and is transported deep underground, where it mineralizes in geological formations.  Climeworks says this process of storing the captured carbon underground in mineral form can keep it locked up (and out of the atmosphere) for “more than 10,000 years”. 

DAC+S Different From CCS? 

Climeworks days whereas DAC+S removes CO₂ directly from ambient air, other technologies to remove carbon, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), differs because it captures CO₂ from point sources of carbon dioxide (e.g., smokestacks of iron and steel factories) and then transports the captured CO₂ to a storage site, where it is sequestered.

Controversial 

Using DAC technology to remove carbon from the atmosphere as a way of tackling global warming, however, is a controversial subject. Some of the criticisms and debates around it include:

– DAC is expensive compared to other climate strategies like reforestation or industrial upgrades, raising concerns about the efficient use of limited financial resources.

– DAC is energy-intensive, requiring significant amounts of clean energy. If powered by non-renewable energy, it could negate its environmental benefits. In the case of Mammoth in Iceland, however, natural geothermal power is being used.

– Simply relying on DAC to save us might delay crucial direct emission reduction efforts due to the belief that technology alone can resolve climate change, a risk known as the “moral hazard.”

– Effectively scaling DAC to impact atmospheric CO₂ levels would demand extensive infrastructure and substantial investment, posing significant logistical challenges.

– The captured CO₂ must be securely stored to prevent leakage or used in ways that might still release it back into the atmosphere, thereby negating its effectiveness. Climeworks, however, describes its mineralisation and underground storage as a “permanent” solution.

– DAC requires significant resources, potentially conflicting with other essential needs like agriculture and water supply, raising concerns about equitable impact distribution.

– Deploying DAC responsibly and at scale requires robust policies and regulation to avoid potential negative environmental impacts and ensure effective climate mitigation.

– Some operators (not Climeworks it should be stressed) use the CO₂ captured using DAC to inject into oil fields to increase the pressure within the reservoir to help push more oil to the surface – known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Some say this facilitates continued reliance on fossil fuels.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

The opening of the Mammoth DAC plant after 2 years of construction may be a milestone in the world of climate technology, reflecting both the innovation and the complexities inherent in modern environmental solutions. As the largest Direct Air Capture facility, set to remove 36,000 tons of CO₂ annually, this is a figure that represents a technological achievement and perhaps a call to industries and organisations worldwide to re-evaluate their environmental strategies. However, as the equivalent of removing 7,800 cars from the roads, this may not sound as though it can make a dent in the carbon problem, in the short term at least.

For any organisation, the potential of DAC technology to substantively reduce atmospheric CO₂ and help mitigate global warming can’t be ignored and is one battle-front in the war ahead. Although Mammoth may not be making a significant dent now, looking towards the future and aiming for gigaton removal by 2050, this technology could play much more of a part in future climate strategies. As such, this suggests a pathway for compliance with emerging environmental regulations and leadership in corporate sustainability.

However, the broader implications of DAC, particularly in terms of scalability and dependency, suggest a balanced approach is needed. While Mammoth operates on geothermal energy, making it relatively sustainable, DAC technology in general is energy intensive.

Also, the example of Mammoth should serve as a reminder of the importance of not solely relying on carbon capture to offset emissions. The ‘moral hazard’ of depending too heavily on technological fixes could detract from essential efforts to directly reduce emissions through renewable energy adoption, energy efficiency improvements, and sustainable operational practices. For businesses, this means integrating DAC as one element of a holistic environmental strategy while reducing emissions at the source.

Sustainability-in-Tech : Designer-Material Absorbs Carbon Faster Than Trees

Posted on by Paul Stradling

Scientists at Edinburgh’s Heriot-Watt University have published details of the discovery of a new material that can absorb carbon faster than trees, giving hope to efforts to tackle the climate crisis.

Can Absorb The Most Potent Greenhouse Gasses 

Detailed in a paper published in the journal ‘Nature Synthesis,’ the scientists report how the new porous material they created has hollow, cage-like molecules with high storage capacities for greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and sulphur hexafluoride. Although the new material can absorb carbon dioxide (the most well-known greenhouse gas), the scientist pointed out that sulphur hexafluoride is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide and can last thousands of years in the atmosphere.

Used Computer Modelling To Design It 

The project to create the material was a collaboration between Heriot-Watt University, the University of Liverpool, Imperial College London, the University of Southampton, and East China University of Science and Technology in China, and the team used computer modelling to “accurately predict how molecules would assemble themselves into the new type of porous material.”

It was the computer modelling specialists at Imperial College London and the University of Southampton that created the simulations which enabled the team to understand and predict how their cage molecules would assemble into this new type of porous material.

Dr Marc Little (an Assistant Professor at Heriot-Watt University’s Institute of Chemical Sciences and an expert in porous materials) said: “Combining computational studies like ours with new AI technologies could create an unprecedented supply of new materials to solve the most pressing societal challenges, and this study is an important step in this direction.” 

In reference to the contribution of computer modelling to the discovery and could play (along with AI) to future similar discoveries, Dr Little added: “Combining computational studies like ours with new AI technologies could create an unprecedented supply of new materials to solve the most pressing societal challenges, and this study is an important step in this direction.” 

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

As Dr Marc Little said: “This is an exciting discovery because we need new porous materials to help solve society’s biggest challenges, such as capturing and storing greenhouse gases.” As such, this groundbreaking discovery could represent a pivotal moment in our collective fight against the climate crisis.

At the heart of this discovery is a collaborative effort by experts in the UK and China and the ingenious use of computer modelling, a tool that played a pivotal role in unravelling the complexities of molecular assembly.

Through precise predictions facilitated by advanced computer modelling, researchers were able to engineer hollow, cage-like molecules capable of efficiently trapping greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the highly potent sulphur hexafluoride. This strategic fusion of scientific expertise and computational prowess underscores the immense potential of technology in catalysing transformative breakthroughs.

As highlighted by Dr Little, by marrying computational studies with emerging AI technologies, we could have a chance to unlock many more innovative solutions to society’s most pressing challenges. This study, therefore, could be seen as an important step toward a future where computational ingenuity and scientific inquiry converge to address global challenges.

Also, the integration of computer modelling and AI for future projects holds a great deal of promise, e.g. in advancing material science, renewable energy and more.

This discovery and its methodology, therefore, shows how important embracing the transformative power of technology is and will be in helping us tackle our biggest challenges going forward.